Main Symptoms of ADHD:

ADHD symptoms are usually grouped into two categories:

1. Inattention:

Trouble paying attention to details

Easily distracted

Often forgetful in daily activities

Difficulty organizing tasks or following instructions

Frequently loses things

2. Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

Fidgeting or squirming

Trouble staying seated or staying still

Talking excessively

Interrupting others or blurting out answers

Difficulty waiting for one’s turn

Causes:

The exact cause is unknown, but possible factors include:

Genetics (often runs in families)

Brain structure and function differences

Prenatal exposure to toxins (e.g. smoking or alcohol)

Premature birth or low birth weight.

When is ADHD diagnosed?

Most often diagnosed in childhood, usually before age 12.

Can continue into adulthood, where symptoms may look different (e.g. restlessness instead of running around).

Diagnosis:

No single test; diagnosis is based on behavior patterns.

Usually involves clinical interviews, questionnaires, and observation.

Often diagnosed by psychologists, psychiatrists, or pediatricians.

Treatment Options:

1. Medications: e.g., stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamines

2. Behavioral therapy

3. Counseling and psychoeducation

4. Lifestyle support – structure, time management, and coaching